The recent agitations and protests in Kenya against the Finance Bill 2024 highlight the frustration many African youth feel towards their governments. It should be a cause for concern for African leaders and all well-meaning Africans. It is also a clarion call for deeper and unbiased introspection on how Africans are governed in the name of democracy.
After years of colonialism and struggles for independence, many Africans still have the pain of oppression and don't see any brighter future for themselves and their children. According to the World Bank, in 2023, about 40% of Sub-Saharan Africans live in extreme poverty, surviving on less than $1.90 a day. This high level of poverty severely impacts their quality of life and limits opportunities for growth and development.
Despite the continent's natural riches which mother nature has bequeathed to her, especially in the west, poverty and lack of basic needs are common daily phenomenon. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports that youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa was around 13% in 2023. However, underemployment is much higher, with many young people working in low-paying, informal jobs that don't match their skills or education.
These daily struggles and hardships of young people often go unnoticed, leaving them to fend for themselves and those who cannot fall into depression and despair. This despair drives some to take unorthodox paths, such as dangerous migration routes or engaging in vices just to survive. According to the United Nations International Organization for Migration (IOM) noted that in 2022, over 80% of African migrants moved within the continent, often seeking better economic opportunities in neighboring countries. Many others, however, risk dangerous journeys to Europe or other regions, driven by the lack of opportunities at home.
Meanwhile, a few powerful individuals live in luxury, enjoying modern cars, lavish homes and extravagant lifestyles financed by the taxes of the poor. This stark contrast to the daily struggles of the majority reveals a troubling reality: these elites have effectively stolen the future of the youth for their comfort today. They benefit from corruption, mismanagement and the unfair distribution of resources, securing wealth and privilege for themselves and their families while the youth face unemployment, poor living conditions and limited opportunities. This disparity underscores the urgent need for accountability and equitable governance to ensure a brighter future for all.
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The Youth Are Asking Questions
Young people are demanding answers. They want to know why their taxes and resources are mismanaged, leading to high unemployment, inflation, borrowing and more taxes. They wonder why their local currencies constantly depreciate against the dollar, why they need dollars to trade among themselves within the same continent, and why so many of their peers are struggling to survive and most have found themselves on the street.
They question why their environment is being destroyed for minerals, especially when the rest of the world is increasingly aware of and addressing climate change, why many mothers have to still lose their lives during childbirth, and why professionals trained with their taxes are leaving to work in other countries to render the same services the continent requires most. They also want to know why foreign companies get tax holidays, while the local companies have to pay more.
How Desperate is the Situation?
Young people in Africa face numerous challenges. Despite its vast resources, mismanagement and corruption have led to widespread poverty and inequality. The youth, who make up a large part of the population, are especially affected. They are frustrated with the current state of affairs and are increasingly questioning the effectiveness of their democratic governments.
Moreover, there is a growing sentiment among young Africans that democracy, as currently practiced, is failing them. Corrupt leaders and ineffective governance have led to widespread disillusionment. This has resulted in a dangerous trend where some young people are beginning to support undemocratic means of change, such as coups d'état. Recent events in West Africa, where military coups have gained significant support, highlight the desperation and frustration felt by the youth. They see these drastic measures as a possible solution to the systemic issues plaguing their countries.
If these challenges are not addressed, there is a real risk that more young people will lose faith in democracy and seek alternative forms of governance. This is a critical moment for African leaders to take action and implement reforms that address corruption, improve economic opportunities and protect the environment. The future of the continent depends on the empowerment and satisfaction of its youth. They must feel that their voices are heard, their rights are protected and their futures are secure. Without this assurance, the stability and prosperity of Africa remain at risk.
How Can the Youth Become the Conscience and Change They Want to See?
Africa's youth are at a critical juncture. Faced with widespread poverty, high unemployment and environmental destruction, they are questioning the effectiveness of their leaders and the future of their countries. To drive the change they want to see, young Africans must become the continent's conscience, guiding it towards a better future. We propose here the following:
Educate Themselves and Others
Knowledge is power. Young people must stay informed about their rights, government policies and global best practices. By understanding these issues deeply, they can advocate for meaningful changes. Sharing this knowledge with peers can build a collective movement that is well-informed and ready to act.
Engage in Civic Activities
Participation in meetings, town halls and other civic activities allows young people to voice their concerns and influence local governance. By being active participants in their communities, they can hold leaders accountable and ensure that their voices are heard.
Use Social Media Wisely
Social media is a powerful tool for raising awareness and mobilizing support. Young people can use platforms like X, Facebook and Instagram to highlight issues, share information and organize campaigns. By harnessing the power of social media, they can reach a wider audience and galvanize action.
Organize Peaceful Protests
Like in Kenya, peaceful demonstrations can draw attention to critical issues and show the unity and strength of the youth. Protests can be a powerful way to demand change and hold leaders accountable, as long as they are conducted peacefully and with a clear message.
Form Alliances
Collaborating with NGOs, civil society organizations and international bodies can amplify young people's voices and provide additional support for their causes. Alliances can help in sharing resources, expertise and creating a broader impact.
Run for Office
The youth should not just be advocates but also leaders. By running for political office, they can directly influence policy and governance, bringing fresh perspectives and new ideas to the table.
Hold Leaders Accountable
Using legal and democratic means to challenge corruption and mismanagement is crucial. This includes voting, filing petitions and engaging with the media to expose wrongdoing. Accountability ensures that leaders act in the best interests of their people.
Vote and Encourage Others to Vote
Voting is a direct way to influence governance. Make sure you are registered to vote and participate in all elections. Encourage your friends and family to do the same by organizing voter registration drives and explaining the importance of voting. Every vote is a vote for your future. Avoid letting politicians sway your vote or conscience with bribes. Stay open-minded and analyze campaign promises critically before deciding whom to support. Always prioritize your country over any political party allegiance.
Call to Action
Young Africans must continue to ask tough questions and demand transparency from their leaders. They should unite, use their voices and work towards a better future for themselves and the generations to come.
Conclusion
Africa's youth have the potential to be the continent's conscience. By staying informed, organizing collectively and demanding accountability, they can drive the change they want to see. It is a sobering responsibility, but one that is essential for the future of the continent. Young people must lead the way, inspiring others to join them in the fight for a just, equitable and sustainable Africa.
